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2013
Ives, Martin and Thad Calabrese Employee Benefit Financing and Municipal Bankruptcy. Journal of Government Financial Management 62(1): 12-19.
Pui Hing Chau, Jean Woo, Michael K. Gusmano, Daniel Weisz, Victor G. Rodwin and Kam Che
Chan Access to primary care in Hong Kong, Greater London and
New York City. Cambridge University Press 2013. Health Economics, Policy and Law / Volume 8 / Issue 01 / January 2013, pp 95 109, Published online.
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Abstract
We investigate avoidable hospital conditions (AHC) in three world cities as a way to assess access to primary care. Residents of Hong Kong are healthier than their counterparts in Greater London or New York City. In contrast to their counterparts in New York City, residents of both Greater London and Hong Kong face no financial barriers to an extensive public hospital system. We compare residence-based hospital discharge rates for AHC, by age cohorts, in these cities and find that New York City has higher rates than Hong Kong and Greater London. Hong Kong has the lowest hospital discharge rates for AHC among the population 15–64, but its rates are nearly as high as those in New York City among the population 65 and over. Our findings suggest that in contrast to Greater London, older residents in Hong Kong and New York face significant barriers in accessing primary care. In all three cities, people living in lower socioeconomic status neighborhoods are more likely to be hospitalized for an AHC, but neighborhood inequalities are greater in Hong Kong and New York than in Greater London.
2012
Calabrese, Thad, Grizzle, C. Debt, Donors, and the Decision to Give. Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting, and Financial Management, volume 24, no. 2: 221-254.
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Abstract
There has been a significant amount of work done on the private funding of nonprofits. Yet, despite the enormous size of the nonprofit sector as a whole, the importance of private donations to the sector, and the significance of the sector to public finances, there has been very little empirical research done on the capital structure of nonprofit organizations, and none has examined the potential effects of borrowing on individual contributions. Debt might affect donations because programmatic expansion might “crowd-in” additional donors, the use of debt might “crowd-out” current donors since expansion is undertaken at the behest of the organization (and not due to donor demand for increased output), donors might have a preference for funding current output rather than past output, or because of concerns that the nonprofit will be unable to maintain future programmatic output. These potential effects of debt on giving by individuals have not been the focus of research to date. The primary data for this paper come from the “The National Center on Charitable Statistics (NCCS)-GuideStar National Nonprofit Research Database” that covers fiscal years 1998 through 2003. The digitized data cover all public charities required to file the Form 990. The final sample contains 460,577 observations for 105,273 nonprofit entities. The results for the full sample support a “crowding-out” effect. The analysis is repeated on a subsample of nonprofits more dependent upon donations, following Tinkelman and Mankaney (2007). The restricted sample contains 121,507 observations for 36,595 nonprofit organizations. The results for the subsample are more ambiguous: secured debt has little or no effect, while unsecured debt has a positive effect. The empirical analysis is then expanded to test whether nonprofits with higher than average debt levels have different results than nonprofits with below average debt levels. The results suggest that donors do remove future donations when a nonprofit is more highly leveraged compared to similar organizations.
Nonprofits may fear that the use of debt signals mismanagement or bad governance, worrying that donors will punish the organization by removing future donations. The results presented here suggest a more complicated relationship between nonprofit leverage and donations from individuals than this simple calculus. On the one hand, increases in secured debt ratios (from mortgages and bonds) seems to reduce future contributions, possibly because donors are wary of government or lender intervention in the nonprofit’s management, or possibly because of the lack of flexibility inherent in repaying such rigid debt. On the other hand, unsecured debt, while more expensive, seems to crowd-in donations, even at increasingly higher levels when compared to similar organizations. There are at least two important conclusions from this analysis. First, during times of fiscal stress, nonprofits are often tempted to use restricted funds in ways inconsistent with donor intent simply to ensure organizational survival. Rather than violate the trust of certain donors, the results here suggest that nonprofits would be better off utilizing unsecured (possibly short-term) borrowing to smooth out cash flow needs. This option, however, assumes that nonprofits have access to some type of borrowing which is not true for many organizations. A second conclusion one might draw, therefore, is that policy considerations should be made to expand access to debt for nonprofits. The results here suggest that certain types of unsecured debt might in fact draw in additional resources, allowing nonprofits to leverage these borrowings for additional resources. By encouraging this type of policy option, nonprofits would not only gain access to increased revenue sources, but might be able to maintain programmatic output during times of fiscal stress.
Finkler, Steven A., Cheryl Jones and Christine T. Kovner Financial Management for Nurse Managers and Executives. 4th Edition, W.B. Saunders/Elsevier, St. Louis, forthcoming 2012.
Finkler, Steven A., Robert M. Purtell, Thad D. Calabrese, and Daniel L. Smith. Financial Management for Public, Health, and Not-for-Profit Organizations. 4th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. View Publication.
Marwell, Nicole, and Thad Calabrese, Jack Krauskopf A Financial Analysis of New York State’s Child Welfare Organizations. Baruch College Center for Nonprofit Strategy and Management.
Smith, Daniel L. An Empirical Framework for Public Finance and Financial Management. Public Administration Review, 72(6): 934-937. View/download article
Steven Finkler, David Ward, and Thad Calabrese Accounting Fundamentals for Health Care Management, 2nd Edition.. .
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Abstract
At A Time When Health Care Organizations Face Unprecedented Financial Challenges, Understanding Financial Accounting Is Important For All Health Care Professionals, Especially Those Who Manage A Department And A Budget. Designed For Both Students And Professionals, Accounting Fundamentals For Health Care Management, Second Edition Clearly Explains Accounting Principles And Applies Them To The Health Care Environment.Critical Topics Such As Recording And Reporting Financial Information, Depreciation, And Financial Statement Analysis Are All Thoroughly Covered The Second Edition Offers: New Co-Author, Thad Calabrese New Chapter (Chapter 2) Provides An Excel Tutorial. New Discussion Of The Impact Of Health Care Reform In Chapter 3 Updated Throughout With Information On IFRS Coverage Of Cash Basis Vs. Accrual Basis New Discussion Of Fair Value Simplified Discussion Of MACRS New Discussion Of Sarbanes-Oxley Act Many General Updates
2011
Ives, M., Calabrese, T. Creating Deficits with Balanced Budgets. Journal of Government Financial Management 60(4): 38-44.
Kioko, Sharon N., Justin Marlowe, David S.T. Matkin, Michael Moody, Daniel L. Smith, and Zhirong (Jerry) Zhao. Why Public Financial Management Matters. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 21(S1): i113-i124.
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Abstract
Public administration and management (PAM) scholars have long recognized that financial resources are the lifeblood of public organizations. Less appreciated is how the study of public financial management (PFM) can inform the theory, research, and practice of PAM broadly. In this article, we argue that PFM research brings a variety of conceptual, analytical, and empirical insights to bear on some of public administration and management's timeless questions. To illustrate this claim, we synthesize findings from a variety of research across the PFM subfield.
2010
Finkler, S.A. Financial Management for Public, Health, and Not-for-Profit Organizations, 3rd Edition. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
Marlowe, Justin, and Daniel L. Smith.
Adding Value in a World of Diffuse Power: Reintroducing Public Management and Public Financial Management. The Future of Public Administration Around the World: The Minnowbrook Perspective, pp. 221-232. Rosemary O'Leary, David M. Van Slyke, and Soonhee Kim (Eds.). Georgetown University Press.
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Abstract
Questions of how public organizations control and manage resources have been relegated to an insular subfield of contemporary public management. This is both unfortunate and unnatural because insights from the study of budgeting and financial management have traditionally been a driving force of public management's conceptual and empirical development. In this paper we seek to address this problem by reconnecting contemporary findings from the budgeting and financial management subfield to broader concerns in public management. We focus our discussion on the centrality of management technique in contemporary public management, and we argue that research in select areas of contemporary public budgeting and financial management has and will continue to illuminate the implications of reform and innovation in management technique, particularly in our current environment of amorphous institutional arrangements and diffuse, shared power.
Stroustrup A, Trasande L.
Epidemiological characteristics and resource use in neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: 1993-2006. Pediatrics. 2010 Aug;126(2):291-7. .
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
To determine the trends in incidence of diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and associated health services use for the neonatal hospitalization of patients with BPD in an era of changing definitions and management.
PATIENTS AND METHODS:
All neonatal hospitalization records available through the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, 1993-2006, were analyzed. Multivariable regression analyses were performed for incidence of BPD diagnosis and associated hospital length of stay and charges. Multiple models were constructed to assess the roles of changes in diagnosis of very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates and different modalities of respiratory support used for treatment.
RESULTS:
The absolute incidence of diagnosis of BPD fell 3.3% annually (P = .0009) between 1993 and 2006 coincident with a 3.5-fold increase in the use of noninvasive respiratory support in patients with BPD. When data were controlled for demographic factors, this significant decrease in incidence persisted at a rate of 4.3% annually (P = .0002). All models demonstrated a rise in hospital length of stay and financial charges for the neonatal hospitalization of patients with BPD. The incidence of BPD adjusted for frequency of prolonged mechanical ventilation also decreased but only by 2.8% annually (P = .0075).
CONCLUSIONS:
The incidence of diagnosis of BPD decreased significantly between 1993 and 2006. In well-controlled models, birth hospitalization charges for these patients rose during the same period. Less invasive ventilatory support may improve respiratory outcomes of VLBW neonates.
2009
Kovner, A.R Improving Financial Management in the Orthopedic Unit. Cases, Readings and Commentaries.
2008
Calabrese, Thad. Examining the Determinants of Nonprofit Accounting Basis Choice. Association for Budgeting and Financial Management.
2007
Finkler, S.A. & McHugh, M. Budgeting Concepts for Nurse Managers. 4th Edition, W.B. Saunders/Elsevier, Fall .
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Abstract
This book helps nurses develop and refine good budgeting skills - a necessity in today's economy-driven health care system. Clearly written and thoroughly understandable, this new edition shows first-line nurse managers and their immediate supervisors how to work effectively with financial staff and management, and how to develop, monitor, and maintain departmental and institutional budgets. It is written at a level that assumes no previous financial management experience or expertise on the part of the reader.
Finkler, S.A., Kovner, C.T. & Jones, C. Financial Management for Nurse Managers and Executives. 3rd Edition, W.B. Saunders/Elsevier, Spring .
Abstract
Covering the financial topics all nurse managers need to know and use, this book explains how financial management fits into the healthcare organization. You'll study accounting principles, cost analysis, planning and control management of the organization's financial resources, and the use of management tools. In addition to current issues, this edition also addresses future directions in financial management.
Smith, Daniel L. Rules, Participants, and Executive Politics in State Tax Revenue Forecasting. Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting & Financial Management 19(4): 472-87.
Abstract
This study examines whether rules, particular participants, and executive politics in state tax revenue estimation exert measurable influences on forecast error. Fixed-effects estimation using data from states’ respective fiscal years 1994 to 2003 indicates that all impact state tax revenue forecast accuracy in varying ways, and results suggest that policy can be crafted to effectively mitigate forecast error. Further examination of the quality of participation in tax revenue forecasting as well as the mechanisms of political involvement in this arena is suggested.
2006
Cherlin, E., Helf, B., Elbel, B., Busch, S.H. & Bradley, E.H. Cultivating Next Generation Leadership: Preceptors’ Rating of Competencies in Post-Graduate Administrative Residents and Fellows.. Journal of Health Administration Education, Fall 2006, pp. 351-365.
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Abstract
Substantial national attention is being directed at enhancing the competency levels of early careerists in healthcare management. In this study, we examined preceptors' ratings of administrative resident/fellow competencies in multiple domains, and we compared those to our previous results of self-rated competency by residents/fellows. In this national sample of preceptors (n=61) of administrative residency/fellowship program listed with the American College of Healthcare Executives, competency in the information management domain was ranked highest, with more than half of preceptors (55.7%) giving their residents/fellows an "A" rating. Fewer preceptors (between 30.0% and 39.2%) gave their residents/fellows an "A" rating in domains of interpersonal and emotional intelligence, analytic and conceptual reasoning, and clinical operations. Less than 20% of preceptors rated competencies as "A" level in the domains of human resources/marketing/public affairs, financial management, fund raising, and facilities management. There were significant differences in preceptor ratings compared with resident/fellow self-ratings, with preceptors often providing lower ratings than provided by resident/fellows. The findings highlight the need not only to enhance competency levels of graduates but also to address the potential mismatch in early careerists' and preceptors' views about required and attained competency levels.
Finkler, S.A. & Ward, D.M. Accounting Fundamentals for Health Care Management. Jones & Bartlett Publishers, Boston, .
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Abstract
Accounting Fundamentals for Health Care Management is ideal for an introductory course in financial accounting in both undergraduate and graduate programs. This is the first book that focuses on basic accounting in health care management. This essential book contains the vocabulary of, and an introduction to, the tools and concepts employed by finance officers. It will help anyone assess financial information, ask the appropriate questions, and understand the jargon-laden answers. This book is indispensable for anyone who manages a department and a budget.
2005
Finkler, S.A. Evidence Based Financial Management - What Are We Waiting For? Research in Healthcare Financial Management, Vol. 9, No. 1, .
Abstract
Comments on the use of evidence-based approach in the area of health care financial management. Limitation of benchmarking; Barriers to the introduction of evidence-based financial management in health care; Responsibility of health care financial management educators.
Finkler, S.A. Financial Management for Public, Health, and Not-for-Profit Organizations. 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 672 pages.
Abstract
This is one of the only books available that addresses financial and managerial accounting within the framework of the three major areas of the public sector. Clear and comprehensive, Finkler's unique and accessible text provides the fundamentals of financial management for those who lack a financial background so that readers can access and apply financial information more effectively. Details the many aspects of strategic and budgetary planning. Outlines the processes involved in implementing and controlling results. Features aspects of accounting unique for Health Care, not-for-profit organizations and state and local governments. Explains balance sheets, operating and cash flow statements. Provides basic foundation for financial analysis. For managers and policy-makers in public service organizations who want to make more efficient use of their organization's financial information.
2004
Rodwin, V.G. & Le Pen, C. Health Care Reform in France - The Birth of State-Led Managed Care. New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 351, pp. 2259-2262.
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Abstract
2003
Finkler, S.A. Teaching Future Healthcare Financial Managers to Use Evidence. Journal of Health Administration Education, Vol. 20, No. 4, pages 243-261.
Abstract
There is a growing movement toward evidence-based management in healthcare. This movement extends to healthcare financial management. However, there are barriers to the use of evidence by healthcare financial managers. These barriers are largely the result of culture (management culture is substantially different from clinical culture) and education. If healthcare financial managers are to become better at generating and using evidence, educators must do a better job of preparing them to do so. If we provide more education regarding the goals of research and about the different types of research methods, then healthcare financial managers can become educated consumers of evidence. If we provide more examples of evidence that has been generated by research in our classes, and if we give the students experience in gathering evidence, we have a chance of increasing the use of evidence-based management in healthcare.
Finkler, S.A., Henley, R.J. & Ward, D.M. Evidence Based Financial Management. Healthcare Financial Management, October .
Abstract
Netzer, D. A Nonprofit Organization. in Ruth Towse, editor, A Handbook of Cultural Economics. Cheltenham, U.K. and Nothhampton, MA: Edward Elgar, .
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Abstract
In all rich countries, firms organized on a not-for-profit basis produce cultural goods and services, along with for-profit firms (including independent professional artists) and the state. This is also true in many poorer countries. Non-profit firms are defined as organizations that have a formal structure and governance, which differ greatly among countries but share the characteristics that (1) the managers of the organization do not own the enterprise or have an economic interest that can be sold to other firms or individuals and (2) any surplus of revenue over expenditure may not be appropriated by the managers of the organization, but must be reinvested in ways that further the stated purposes of the organization. Obviously, such organizations will not be formed and continue to exist unless the organizers and managers expect and realize some economic rewards, including money compensation for their own services and non-financial rewards like consumption benefits (producing cultural goods and services that they want to enjoy but which will not be produced without their efforts) and personal status.
2002
Denison, D., Finkler, S.A. & Mead, D. GASB Statement 34: Curriculum and Teaching Concerns for Schools of Public Policy and Management. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, Volume 21, #1, Winter 2002, pp. 138-144.
Abstract
Discusses the challenges posed by incorporating Statement No. 34 of the U.S. Governmental Accounting Standards Board, Basic Financial Statements-and Management's Discussion and Analysis-for State and Local Governments (GASB 34) in the core curriculum of a school. Generally accepted accounting principles and GASB 34; Pedagogical issues in GASB 34; Dynamism in learning governmental accounting.
Finkler, S.A. Finance and Accounting for Nonfinancial Managers. 3rd Edition with interactive CD, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, May 2002, 400 pages. New York: Aspen Publishers.
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Abstract
For all entrepreneurs and nonfinancial professionals with budget and/or P&L responsibilities, Finance and Accounting for Nonfinancial Managers provides the basics necessary to make a solid contribution to the financial goals and success of their companies. This indispensable and easy-to-read primer gives all entrepreneurs and managers in nonfinancial areas--sales, marketing, production, and more--a complete understanding of financial terms, statements, and ratios and how they affect the operations of a business or corporation. With this information, financial managers will be able to understand: owners' equity, ratio analysis; balance sheets; income statements; LIFO liquidations; asset valuation; cash flow statements; capital leasing; liabilities; present value; operating leverage; breakeven analysis; and more. New to the third edition are chapters covering: basic tax concepts; capital structure; business plans; working capital management and banking relationships; personal finances; and accountability and controls.
O'Regan, K. & Oster, S.M. Does Government Funding Alter Nonprofit Governance? Evidence from New York City Contractors. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 21(3):359-379.
Abstract
2001
Finkler, S.A. Measuring the Costs of Quality. in Health Services Management: Readings and Commentary, Seventh Edition, A. Kovner and D. Neuhauser, editors, AUPHA Press/Health Administration Press, Chicago, IL, pp. 114-121.
Abstract
Managers of a healthcare organization have numerous demands on their time, their skills, their knowledge, and their budgets. They are responsible for adapting to change, managing their office, making effective decisions, among countless other tasks.
This book, newly revised to include readings, commentary, and cases, offers a bridge from management theory to the actual world of healthcare management. Throughout its past editions, Health Services Management has featured the best literature on health services management to help readers understand the role of the manager, organizational design and control, the blending of organization and health professionals, change (adaptation), and responsiveness (accountability). This edition continues that effort, and features new readings.
Finkler, S.A. Budgeting Concepts for Nurse Managers. 3rd Edition, W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 480 pages.
View Book
Abstract
This book helps nurses develop and refine good budgeting skills - a necessity in today's economy-driven health care system. Clearly written and thoroughly understandable, this new edition shows first-line nurse managers and their immediate supervisors how to work effectively with financial staff and management, and how to develop, monitor, and maintain departmental and institutional budgets. It is written at a level that assumes no previous financial management experience or expertise on the part of the reader.
Finkler, S.A. Financial Management for Public, Health, and Not-for-Profit Organizations. Pearson/Prentice Hall, .
Abstract
One of the few books that addresses financial and managerial accounting within the three major areas of the public sector � government, health, and not-for-profit�the Second Edition provides the fundamentals of financial management for those pursuing careers within these fields. With a unique presentation that explains the rules specific to the public sector, this book outlines the framework for readers to access and apply financial information more effectively. Employing an engaging and user-friendly approach, this book clearly defines essential vocabulary, concepts, methods, and basic tools of financial management and financial analysis that are imperative to achieving success in the field. This book is intended for financial managers and general managers who are required to obtain, understand, and use accounting information to improve the financial results of their organizations, specifically within the areas of government or public policy and management, not-for-profit management, and health policy and management.
Greene, J.K., Blustein, J. & Laflamme, K.B. Use of Preventive Care Services, Beneficiary Characteristics, and Medicare HMO Performance. Health Care Financing Review, Summer 2001, 22 (4).
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Abstract
The superior performance of HMOs in providing preventive care--both in the population at-large (Miller and Luft, 1994), and within the elderly Medicare population (Ballard et al., 1997; Potosky et al., 1998; Retchin and Brown, 1990)--may be due to the favorable organizational, infrastructural, or cultural characteristics of managed care systems. For example, HMOs have historical roots in a health maintenance and wellness orientation (Lawrence, Mattingly, and Ludden, et al., 1997). HMOs also encourage patients to have a primary care provider, and they have been leaders in the use of technologies like computerized reminder systems, which are effective in promoting the regular use of preventive care services (Mandelson and Thompson, 1998). However, other factors may also contribute to HMO successes in the preventive care arena. Managed care enrollees typically face few financial barriers to care. To the extent that HMOs offer no-cost or low-cost preventive care services, and to the extent that cost is a barrier to receiving preventive care in the FFS sector, HMOs are likely to perform better. It is also possible that those who enroll in HMOs are attitudinally and behaviorally more receptive to preventive care. For example, some studies have found HMO enrollees to be better educated, healthier, and more optimistic about the benefits of preventive care than their FFS counterparts (Bernstein, Thompson, and Harlan, 1991; Porrell and Turner, 1990; Lichtenstein et al., 1992).
2000
Finkler, S.A. & Kovner, C.T. Financial Management for Nurse
Managers and Executives. 2nd Edition, W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, .
Abstract
Covering the financial topics all nurse managers need to know and use, this book explains how financial management fits into the healthcare organization. You'll study accounting principles, cost analysis, planning and control management of the organization's financial resources, and the use of management tools.
1998
Schwartzben, Dov & Finkler, S.A. Valuation of Physician and Ambulatory Care Practices. Healthcare Financial Management, June .
Abstract
Explains several accounting approaches for healthcare organizations planning to acquire physician and ambulatory care practices. Acquisition arrangements; Historical cost; Constant dollar value; Replacement/economic cost; Opportunity-cost approach; Income approach; Enhancement opportunities.
1997
Schwartzben, Dov & Finkler, S.A. The Financial Impact of Increased Managed Care Penetration - A Large Teaching Hospital's Experience. Healthcare Financial Management, July .
1995
Berne, R., Cipollina, N., Netzer, D. & Stiefel, L. Estimating the Fiscal Impact of Secession: The Case of Staten Island and New York City. Public Budgeting and Financial Management, Vol. 7, No. 2, Summer 1995, pp 147-169.
Brecher, C., Roistacher, E. & Spiezio, S. Professional Business Services in the New York City Economy. Citizens Budget Commission, August .
Abstract
This report is the first in a series of studies that will examine the growth prospects of the New York City economy. This first study analyzes the financial services, legal services, and accounting and management consulting sectors, and combines original data obtained through detailed interviews with 25 firms in these industries with existing data from previously published analyses and surveys. The study concludes that while New York will continue to be a global center for these industries, the shape of these industries within the city will change, and the industries are unlikely to be the significant source of employment growth in the future that they have been in the past. The report includes 36 tables with longitudinal data examining employment and business activity in these sectors of the New York City economy, as well as the relationship between these sectors and the larger domestic and international markets.
Finkler, S.A. Capitated Hospital Contracts: The Empty Beds Versus Filled Beds Controversy. Health Care Management Review, Vol. 20, No. 3, Summer 1995, pp. 88-91.
Abstract
Talks about the significance of capitated arrangements in hospitals. Detail about the financial incentives under capitation.
Finkler, S.A. The Financial Impact of Management Innovations by Health Centers. Journal of Ambulatory Care Management, April 1995, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 15-32.
1993
Light, P.C. An End to the War on Waste. Brookings Review; Spring93, Vol. 11 Issue 2, p48.
Abstract
Recommends how the Offices of Inspector General (OIG) can end the war of attribution in which they mop up the fraud, waste and abuse in government offices. OIGs prospering in the eighties; Attacking the enemy at the source; Starting with a modern financial management system.
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