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Publication
Child Passenger Safety Laws in the United States, 1978–2010: Policy Diffusion in the Absence of Strong Federal InterventionThis article examines the diffusion of U.S. state child passenger safety laws, analyzing over-time changes and inter-state differences in all identifiable features of laws that plausibly influence crash-related morbidity and mortality. The observed trend …
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A comparison of the Family Health Strategy to other sources of healthcare: utilization and quality of health services in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, BrazilIndicators of healthcare utilization and quality were compared in a probabilistic sample of adults (N = 7,534) covered by private health plans, the Family Health Strategy (FHS), and "traditional" primary care clinics (UBS) in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais …
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Who Experiences Discrimination in Brazil? Evidence From a Large Metropolitan RegionIntroduction Perceived discrimination is related to poor health and has been offered as one explanation for the persistence of health inequalities in some societies. In this study, we explore the prevalence and correlates of perceived discrimination in a …
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Changes in ten years of social inequalities in health among elderly Brazilians (1998-2008)OBJECTIVE: To assess the changes in income-related inequalities in health conditions and in the use of health services among elderly Brazilians. METHODS: Representative samples of the Brazilian population aged 60 years and more were analyzed between 1998 …
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Improving State Health Policy Assessment: An Agenda for Measurement and AnalysisWe examine the scope of inquiry into the measurement and assessment of the state public health policy environment. We argue that there are gains to be made by looking systematically at policies both within and across health domains. We draw from the …
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Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health in Older Adults in Brazil and EnglandObjectives . We examined socioeconomic inequalities in health among older adults in England and Brazil. Methods . We analyzed nationally representative samples of residents aged 50 years and older in 2008 data from the Brazilian National Household Survey …
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The Influence of Primary Care and Hospital Supply on Ambulatory Care–Sensitive Hospitalizations Among Adults in Brazil, 1999–2007Objectives . We assessed the influence of changes in primary care and hospital supply on rates of ambulatory care–sensitive (ACS) hospitalizations among adults in Brazil. Methods . We aggregated data on nearly 60 million public sector hospitalizations …
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Trajectories of cognitive decline over 10 years in a Brazilian elderly population: the Bambuí Cohort Study of AgingWe use data from a population-based cohort of elderly Brazilians to assess predictors of hospitalizations during ten years of follow-up. Participants were 1,448 persons aged 60 years and over at baseline (1997). The outcome was self-reported number of …
Publication
Integrated delivery of HIV and tuberculosis services in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic reviewTuberculosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in people with HIV and about a quarter of HIV-related deaths are attributed to tuberculosis. In this Review we identify and synthesise published evidence for the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness …
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The Brazilian Health System: History, Advances, and ChallengesBrazil is a country of continental dimensions with widespread regional and social inequalities. In this report, we examine the historical development and components of the Brazilian health system, focusing on the reform process during the past 40 years, …
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Access to, use of and satisfaction with health services among adults enrolled in Brazil’s Family Health Strategy: evidence from the 2008 National Household SurveyObjective To assess the effects of participation in Brazil’s primary healthcare programme (the Family Health Strategy or FHS) on access, use and satisfaction with health services among adults. Methods Data are from the 2008 National Household Survey …
Publication
Major Expansion of Primary Care in Brazil Linked to Decline in Unnecessary HospitalizationIn 1994 Brazil launched what has since become the world’s largest community-based primary health care program. Under the Family Health Program, teams consisting of at least one physician, one nurse, a medical assistant, and four to six trained community …
Publication
The Changing Distribution and Determinants of Obesity in the Neighborhoods of New York City, 2003–2007Obesity (body mass index 30 kg/m2 ) is a growing urban health concern, but few studies have examined whether, how, or why obesity prevalence has changed over time within cities. This study characterized the individual- and neighborhood-level determinants …
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Neighborhoods and Obesity in New York CityRecent studies reveal disparities in neighborhood access to food and fitness facilities, particularly in US cities; but few studies assess the effects of multiple neighborhood factors on obesity. This study measured the multilevel relations between …
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Intraurban Differences in the Use of Ambulatory Health Services in a Large Brazilian CityA major goal of health systems is to reduce inequities in access to services, that is, to ensure that health care is provided based on health needs rather than social or economic factors. This study aims to identify the determinants of health services …
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Black–White Differences in Avoidable Mortality in the USA, 1980–2005Background : Avoidable Mortality (AM) describes causes of death that should not occur in the presence of highquality and timely medical treatment and from causes that can be influenced at least in part by public policy/ behaviour. This study analyses …
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The Impact of Primary Healthcare on Population Health in Low‐ and Middle‐Income CountriesThis article assesses 36 peer-reviewed studies of the impact of primary healthcare (PHC) on health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries. Studies were abstracted and assessed according to where they took place, the research design used, target …
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The Health Effects of Decentralizing Primary Care in BrazilA renewed focus on primary health care could lead to improved health outcomes in developing countries. Moving more control to local authorities, or decentralization, is one approach to expanding primary care’s reach. Proponents argue that it increases …
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Primary Care and Avoidable Hospitalizations: Evidence from BrazilThis article provides evidence of the effectiveness of family-based, community-oriented primary healthcare programs on the reduction of ambulatory care sensitive hospitalizations in Brazil. Between 1998 and 2002, expansions of the Family Health Program …
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Neighborhoods and ObesityThis review critically summarizes the literature on neighborhood determinants of obesity and proposes a conceptual framework to guide future inquiry. Thirty-seven studies met all inclusion criteria and revealed that the influence of neighborhood-level …
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Changes in Medical Care Experiences of Racial and Ethnic Groups in the United States, 1996-2002The authors examined changes in medical care experiences of racial/ethnic groups (non-Hispanic white, Asian and Pacific Islander, Hispanic, and non- Hispanic black) between 1996 and 2002, using data from the Household Component of Medical Expenditure …
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Quantifying the Benefits of Primary Care Physician Supply in the United StatesThis analysis addresses the question, Would increasing the number of primary care physicians improve health outcomes in the United States? A search of the PubMed database for articles containing "primary care physician supply" or "primary care supply" in …
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The Other Danger...Scholasticism in Academic ResearchMost members of the National Association of Scholars worry about the politicization of the university. Academia gives undue preference to racial minorities in student admissions and faculty appointments. Teaching and research is often slanted toward …
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Toward a Mandatory Working Policy for MenLawrence Mead addresses the problem of nonwork among low-income men, particularly low-income black men, and its implications for families and children. The poor work effort, he says, appears to be caused partly by falling wages and other opportunity …