Social Entrepreneurs Prioritize Changemaking First

Trabian, I'm intrigued that you say this generation is cautious and afraid. I don't disagree, but am curious enough to want some specifics. Is it the people you mentor? Any specifics you want to share?

You wrote: "For some, the desire to make a difference smolders ... the rest are faking." Are the "cautious and afraid" changemakers you refer to faking it?

Regarding people who want to make money now and do good later, it seems like there should be a model to harness their commercial energy. A way for them to make an immediate and real commitment to direct a significant portion of the wealth they create in the future toward making change. Working in the tech startup world, I encounter a lot of people who I think would be good targets for an approach like this.

Hi Jesse:

I'm not saying that we have to or even should be like my mom's "burn-baby-burn" generation. Its okay to measure twice and cut once when you're building something to last.

But not to measure twice, then measure again, and then debate the measurement system and figure out how to maximize the number of people who will be happy with the cut if you ever decide to make it.

Caution is usually responsible. Stalling is just plain fear. I'm surprised how many young people stall rather than fall.

To your second point. Building your personal wealth is a very wise thing to do and I think everyone should do it. So I have no love lost for those who opt to do that. I don't live in an "either or" world, I just think that we make better decisions when we are honest about our priorities.

I have no data to ascertain if Trabian's generation of "changemakers" was/is more courageous than mine; but yes, gen yers are more cautious/calculated and we have damn good reasons for this approach.

You simply have to look at the prevalence of "founder's syndrome" and the absence of professional growth opportunities to understand why emerging social entrepreneurs/intrapreneurs or changemakers have a problem with establishing or sticking with their ventures.

In your twenties or even before, it is mind-blowing to come up with your first social venture and its even better to move out of the start-up phase, but how many people actually have the support to get that far?

Of course only the best ideas should succeed but any social entrepreneur/changemaker needs basic education in finance, business plan writing and the management smorgas board. On one hand, if you are not the lucky few to have a support system like Reynolds, Echoing Green, Ashoka, Skoll, StartingBloc or loads of money to keep trying when you fail, you are pretty stuck. On the other hand, if you decide to work within an existing social enterprise or an innovative non profit as a "social intrapreneur," you soon learn that everyone at the top has been there for 8+ years and within your first three years you have peaked...no more upward mobility for you cause no one at the top is moving.

Until the support systems for social entrepreneurs/ intrapreneurs change, this generation will continue to shy away from what seem like short term/ high risk/ low return/ no future opportunities. Let's not mistake that with being afraid!

Trabian,

Great post. I often wonder how many potential "social entrepreneurs" (insert your label of choice) the world has lost to circumstance, fear or lack of awareness?

How many teens and 20-somethings are there today with a deep desire to make a difference yet are caught in a vicious cycle to survive?

What are they to do when faced with the choice of following their calling or keeping a roof over their head or food on the table? What if your circumstance doesn't offer a realistic option to prioritize? What if your decision is made for you out of your belief that it is necessity?

How do we help the social entrepreneur mentors of today find the diamonds in the rough as they crawl by unnoticed and under-funded?

Hi Trabian, glad to see you're blogging! I think one of the biggest opportunities of our generation is to professionalize the citizen sector -- not for the sake of making it a field, but as an important framework for us to practice our callings. Many of us have watched our parents have to choose to do well or do good, but I don't think we have to make that choice. Rather than live hand-to-mouth (with soaring post-secondary education costs on our backs) or be accused of "selling out" while gaining important professional skills, why not shift the paradigm that forces us to make that choice? To me, this is very important changemaking.

What may be viewed by those who had to make that choice as overly cautious could just as plausibly be viewed as striving for social good while leveraging those skills for even more impactful changemaking. We have been inspired by changemakers burning with passion, but we've also seen their organizations fold because they couldn't write a business plan to stay afloat.

Full disclosure: I was Trabian's employee at Ashoka, and I hope he happily paid this accident-prone staffer's salary so that I could have medical benefits while supporting social entrepreneurs around the world.

Nice piece, Trabian.

I agree that there is a profound difference between wage-making and change-making, and find myself a little sick to my stomach when people define social entrepreneurship as getting paid a good salary to make a difference.

I'm not dissing the good salary part, I'm just saying that's got nothing to do with being a social entrepreneur.

The first question for a social entrepreneur is always What are you creating? Once you are far enough down that path to make a difference, it makes sense to ask how you are going to get paid (even paid well) for it.

If the questions are reversed in your mind, then you should probably just drop the "social" part of "social entrepreneur".

Eboo Patel
Interfaith Youth Core

Mr. Shorters - my compliments on a well articulated post. An injection of critical thinking and action as your post provides is needed, though, like Jesse Patel, I find your comments on this generation being cautious and afraid to be intriguing. Words like "calculating" and "cautious" can clearly be subjective to individual perceptions, but when paired with "afraid" seem to conjure defense by those of us who see no fault in caution, whatsoever. I see that you acknowledge it in a later comment that caution is usually responsible and further, you bring up another good point that we should be honest about our priorities. In effect, I think this is what should be of paramount importance.

I agree with you 100% that social change is not a field. Moreover, I think the ability to take risks is an inborn quality in individuals--perhaps a natural leadership characteristic--that permits those with the capabilities to actually incite change. Perhaps those who try to cultivate it as a field would be much better off cultivating the desire within individuals they work with who showcase traces of these inherent qualities. More often than not, mentorship is worth more than any seminar.

Thank you for your thoughts.

John Ronquillo
University of Georgia

I love this blog post and, for the most part, agree with you. But I’d even take your critique a step further. The concept of “social entrepreneurship” is inherently problematic because it puts an individualistic lens to social problems which need to be solved collectively (with love, commitment, connection, solidarity as well as technical know-how).

In addition, this term it is based on a flawed assumption: that the problems of poverty/injustice/inequity are the result of a scarcity of ideas. I would argue that these problems are rooted in structural inequalities that require grassroots organizing and a collective commitment to solve. We often know what the solution is, but cannot mobilize sufficient resources, political will or outrage to solve it.

I would also take issue with one of your comments – that people either have a burning or smoldering desire for change or they are “fakers.” Another way to look at the world (rather than dichotomizing it) is to recognize that different people have different missions and different ways they personally can contribute to and pursue social justice. For some it might simply mean taking ethical business or policy decisions. For others is might mean leading a social movement. For others is might mean donating to a good cause. To call people “fakers” because they are not committed to social change in the same way as you are, is not constructive, although I admit I do understand your point. An alternative approach would be to think of how we can get as many people as possible to connect and contribute to the struggle for social justice – there is room for everyone and G-d knows the world needs all the help it can get.

Social entrepreneurs…. very interesting term! I question of the use of business vocabulary for social change. I agree with what Susanna has to say regarding putting the individualistic lens to the social problems. The business-oriented vocabulary also subtly but unmistakably shifts the responsibility of poverty/inequities on poor. The reason you are poor is because you lack ideas, entrepreneurial skills or ability to take advantage of the available opportunities.

I would also add that it is one of those ‘labels’ that gets transported from the global north to the global south. With immense weight of resources attached to them- the labels themselves take over and start defining social change paradigm. Reflecting on my own experience of social justice organizing in India for more than two decades, the “social entrepreneurs,” a relatively new crop of highly educated, tech savvy, and mostly foreign-funded professionals, is a breed apart from the indigenous highly passionate social justice change-makers. I wish there was more meshing of these two sectors. Ironically, I only discovered the so-called impact of social enterprise IN INDIA when I started LIVING IN THE US a few years ago.

As an Ashoka Fellow who started at my venture when I was 24 (and who was also sourced into the Ashoka Fellowship by Trabian years ago), you can imagine I have a lot to say. Trabian makes a point about risk which I think is one of the defining necessary characteristics of bringing about any significant change (in addition to being creative, strategic and having access to resources). However, I think you can still take risk and be cautious, afraid and even calculated at the same time and still pursue your calling. I was scared at a lot of points along the journey but so much about changemaking and SE (social entrepreneurship) is about overcoming these fears and how you move past them. So much is about how you move and respond, vs. always what you think, or define yourself to be. At some point though you do have to let go and venture into the unknown.

In all of this, I do think something more needs to be stated regarding spontaneity and that “true love” or “calling” that Trabian cites. Most of us that are labeled “Social entrepreneur” (at least the ones I know of) had very fluid, almost spontaneous realizations that gave them the impetus to embark on changing the world, or coming up with a new idea. And even then, at the early stages, their depth of thought and strategy may have been v. nascent. Ideally, these individuals (myself included) were immersed in an industry or among issues for which they saw a better way to engage or solve a problem. They were inspired, or at least began to understand their field or issue deeply enough to think about crafting a new approach or solution. Though I carry the label “Ashoka Fellow” I never thought I’d start a citizen sector organization. It was not so calculated. It never crossed my mind. It was not my end. I just did what I felt inspired to do at the time. The plans, strategies and organization came later.

Of course inspiration and spontaneity to start and tackle are only part of the bigger picture, but are the sparks that ignite the calling that often fuels the soul past material considerations into a realm so tightly focused on one’s mission and work. Much of that flows from the true love/ passion anyone would feel to move them to a place of action, without so much forethought and calculation. This is very contrary to how we’re conditioned to think and plan linearly in the business world (though there is a place for that). Perhaps this is why entrepreneurs, though they engage in the biz structure, have their very own label - “entrepreneur”. I think this experience, deeply felt, is at the root of social change, or at least runs deep in the veins of social change agents. The desire has to be so strong to push through that you’re willing to give up a lot of comfort, and material comfort may be only one of these considerations. The tension we feel between the structure of what we need to have to live and take care of ourselves while fueling greater ideas and passion within ourselves no doubt is a powerful one.

Even still, no matter what path one chooses to take or when, or what resources are afforded to them, I think the important issue is whether the individual has had the time to experience sufficient depth of knowledge (often cultivated through years of being exposed to an issue) to truly know how to solve, or at least tackle the problem or issue from multiple angles. So of course the changemaker can be at odds with how to balance a livelihood and rigorously pursue social justice, which is a given. So then what sets apart those that do from those that plan, think, intend to do? Timing? Resources? Inspiration? Perhaps. For me I can say it was inspiration, a burning desire, probably coupled with ego as well, (but hey, I’m only human) and a sense of urgency to tackle an issue. Trabian writes: Like any true love, it is impossible to embrace "social change" from a safe distance. I think you can embrace social change from a safe distance, to a certain extent. I think it depends to what extent you feel you need to become that change or what embrace feels or looks like to you. Like love, you get too close to the fire and you risk getting burned, but it may bring you closer to bliss. Too far away and you don’t feel the warmth. For most social entrepreneurs, they’ve put everything on the line. Their ideas, at least for a period of time, become a seamless part of their existence – a strange intertwining of ego, deeply spiritual commitment to their cause, and of course, their idea. If the intention within you is pure and defining at the core, it will manifest, regardless.

Great post.

I do believe that Africa has and continues to lead the world in terms of changemaking for the sake of a better society with little or no consideration for the benefits that may accrue for the changemaker. Often on this continent changemaking is embraced in difficult, challenging climates. Salaries are often the last issue of consideration when faced with a less than enabling environment to engage with. The South African experience is rich in its examples of social entrepreneurs who fearlessly courted imprisonment and death due to their burning passion to change the state of society. Even after liberation the AIDS/HIV issue brought to the fore the likes of Zachie Achmat – the founder of the Treatment Action Campaign – who advocated for destigmatisation and antretrovirals in the face of a AIDS denialist administration. So the "fire in the belly" social change maker is still alive and well in Africa. Motivated by their need to improve society I have yet to come across those that do it for the monetary benefits as a primary motivation. However I am seeing an alarming phenomenon develop in our youth. They regard social changemaking as something that they will do later, after they have gained material benefits. There is a definite shift in attitude as the entitlement culture takes hold. This is not a promising scenario and certainly causes a great deal of concern. And yet once again I look at the 40 Youth Venture grants we awarded this year and almost 98% of the recipients are from poverty stricken neighbourhoods and yet they are changing their communities one step at a time. It seems the social conscience and burning desire for social change is still to be found amongst the most deprived communities striving for a better life – yet those in improved circumstances seek succor at the breast of materialism.

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Vernie

What interesting and thought-provoking posts. I counted at least two Ashoka Fellows, several friends, leaders from other countries, and some people whom I've never met (but no Reynold's Fellows or Scholars curiously). I really enjoyed the thoughtful assertions, disagreements and affirmations.

So I would like to elevate only one point.

Susanna and Vineeta's comments made me realize that there is a key misunderstanding in our dialogue. My post was directed to the tiny sliver of the field who aspire to be social entrepreneurs and everything should be read with this in mind.

Entrepreneurs are actually different from "business people." The essential difference is that entrepreneurs enter a situation and create new opportunities. Business people, by training, seek to stabilize, systematize and grow what entrepreneurs create. They are important complements to one another. But an entrepreneurial mind IS NOT identical to a business-mind.

The entrepreneur almost always has a much higher risk-tolerance and an actual vision. The entrepreneur by definition is creative. And the successful social entrepreneurs whom I know are not individualistic nor profit-motivated at all. Charles Best is the Bronx school teacher who started DonorsChoose; Eboo Patel is the young Chicago Rhodes Scholar who started the Inter-Faith Youth Core; Farhana Huq is the Oakland VISTA Volunteer who started C.E.O Women. Check them out. They were all regular 20-somethings who became social entrepreneurs.

Their kind of vision, risk-tolerance, and prioritizing "making a difference" are traits that entrepreneurs must have but that others in the "field" simply don't need as much. This is why I use the metaphor of heat to describe the difference.

Those who are "hot" enough become social entrepreneurs; those with a lower temperature find the level that works for them. It is all to be respected because its all positive motion. However the social entrepreneur (like other entrepreneurs) is able to endure cold, dark YEARS of being unsure whether their organization will survive and having to cut or eliminate their own paycheck in order to pay their coworkers - YEARS of this. That is uncommon valor for most of us but it is a common commitment for such entrepreneurs. There are entrepreneurs reading this and nodding an "amen" right now.

This is a simple unglamorous and basic example of how the entrepreneur puts making a difference ahead of making a living. It is not a slight to anyone else. Its an acknowledgment that in our value-chain for social change there are degrees of difference between those who are ready to start a business, a field, or a movement and those who want to work in one.

There are no villains in that view but I don't want anyone to be deceived - social entrepreneurs (and aspirants) must develop traits, confront fears and face risks that others avoid.

Reynolds Fellows and Scholars -- this is for you! Are you and members of your cohort afraid of the risk of following your ideals into socially entrepreneurial action? Do you have a sustianable, burning desire and intention to effect authentic change? In what areas? Does the current global financial crisis penetrate or change your views about what is needed in any way? Do you think the planet itself is in danger? What about the people for whom the great chasm between the "haves" and the "have nots" is growing ever wider? What about education itself -- how would you make it more relevant and compelling? Speak!!!

"It doesn't ultimately matter what you call the people who would rather do it than define it."

Being labeled a social entrepreneur was for me like being labeled a feminist and before that a girl, a woman and a female. My point - labels can be restrictive, and misleading. Its like expecting every person born in the same month as me to be the same or even all too similar because we share a star sign.

We can't expect the next generation or the new generation to be like us, they should have learnt some lessons observing us. And we have changed the field for them through our activism. They don't need to re-invent the wheel. The best teacher (isn't that what a mentor is?)learns from his/her students too. What a profound opportunity.

Love and power

So the Reynolds Fellows have been called out, and I am answering the call! I think we're all just so busy launching our projects, that we don't have much time left over to have theoretical discussions:)

So many valuable comments have been made already, that I am indeed "afraid" that I do not have much more of value to add.

However, I do just want to say that this talk of having to fail over and over, of having to forgo a salary for "YEARS", of having to miss paychecks to pay our employees, of having to make tough choices, etc., etc., risks dappling in the territory of military-esque badges of honor. The kind of badges of sacrifice that those at the top of conventional non-profits use to keep the young social entrepreneurs in their ranks from moving up (I'm referencing Jo Opot's great post above). It's a way of defining and defending the title of being a social entrepreneur, which the spirit of Trabian's original blog was meant to counter. It it is perhaps counter-productive in that it inhibits more people of ability (rather than pure guts) from entering the field.

Even mere normal entrepreneurs often experience these dire circumstances. I'm going through it right now, and using student loans to finance my business. We use strategic thinking to decide whether it's worth acquiring more debt and going deeper, or cutting our losses. Then we use cashflow management, marketing campaigns, supply-chain management, etc., and we rely on the performance of great employees, to help get ourselves out of those situations as quickly as possible.

There's a growing world of conscious investors and conscious consumers out there - the ingredients of a great social enterprise exist as they have never before! What is most lacking right now is the doer, the social entrepreneur. And given the beneficial circumstances facing social entrepreneurs right now, I just don't see the logical reason that we have to skip so many meals and get so many badges of suffering. Maybe it's not just society's fault some social entrepreneurs aren't getting paid; maybe a little extra splash of business/organizational experience is what is needed to forgo unnecessary years of missed paychecks.

-Joshua Levin (2007 Fellow)

Trabian, welcome to the blogging world! Hello Jesse, Jo and Alexis.

Trabian's frustration should be framed within the context of the larger question we're all asking, "How can we expand the field of Social Entrepreneurship?"

More undergraduate and MBA courses on this still fuzzy concept is simply not sufficient. While Trabian calls out "fakers" and the risk management mindset that people are stuck in, I think it’s the wrong frame entirely.

The gap between thinking and doing won’t be substantially reduced just when people stop worrying about risk.

The number of changemakers will grow when people get so excited about experiencing the action and challenges of being a changemaker that risk is suddenly the second thing on their minds.

The point about failure isn't only about risk, legitimate changemakers are heroes, legendary and flawed. People who're busy doing things, and more importantly people with interesting if not convoluted thoughts on sex, race, religion, food or racecars. These people are sometimes selfish for selfless goals, sometimes unforgiving in pursuit of success and many times difficult to understand.

This is the color and reality of entrepreneurship, "social" just means it has a higher purpose and is more difficult. We need to embrace these heroes and inspire those Reynolds Fellows, and others--far less engaged--who are sitting in development classes or sustainable business classes.

Hi Trabian,

I enjoyed reading your post. To add one thought to the discussion, I don't think that social entrepreneurs necessarily have a higher risk tolerance than others, I think they consider risk differently. In our society, we talk a lot about risk, but mostly the risk of crime, illness (eg. cancer risk) or financial risk -- a *big* one these days.

In centuries past, people thought a lot more about the risk to their souls. The church even sold indulgences, where people literally paid in cash to be absolved of sins (and therefore reduce the risk of missing out on heaven).

The risk consciousness that I find most common among social entrepreneurs today is a kind of modern, post-Freudian version of soul risk: they don't worry about going to hell, but they do worry about the damage they inflict on themselves by not being true to their deepest convictions and beliefs -- to their true natures. Often that's what leads people in their 40s and 50s to make major career shifts -- and take leaps in their lives. They simply cannot walk by a problem any longer without acting to solve it. It's too painful, or feels too much like a personal capitulation.

People don't come to these realizations easily. Sometimes it takes years and many twists and turns to discover your vocation or calling. And yes, financial burdens and worries can certainly get in the way of self-discovery. But financial success is probably as much of a blinder.

What is the risk of doing work that you don't believe in or care a whit about -- for 5, let alone, 40 years? What is the risk of working alongside people you don't love, admire, or even like, every day? What is the risk of using your gifts mindlessly, following the crowd, doing what is expected, pleasing others, seeking status, never being still enough to discover what it is that you feel called to do and what you have to offer the world?

We live in a country where relatively few people have to risk deprivation or violence to pursue their core beliefs as many civil rights advocates did just a few decades ago, and as people still have to every day in other countries. The big risk today for people in the U.S. who have options -- i.e. who are not limited by poverty, lack of education, health problems or disabilities -- the major risk may be dying without discovering your potential to contribute to the community -- and the joy that goes with that.

That's a risk some people are just not willing to take! Some of them go by the name 'social entrepreneurs...' But many also do it much more quietly.

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