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Publication
Experiments in 21st century antipoverty policyNew York City is testing a policy of ‘Conditional Cash Transfers’, pioneered in Latin America and designed to address both the reduction of income poverty and investment in children's human capital development. Lawrence Aber examines the welfare policy …
Publication
Creating Neighborhood Typologies of GIS-Based Data in the Absence of a Neighborhood-Based Sampling: A Factor and Cluster Analytic StrategyThis article describes an innovative means of identifying a neighborhood typology that can be used for analyses of individual-level data that were not obtained through neighborhood-based sampling. A two-step approach was employed. First, exploratory …
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A Big, New Investment in America's Poorest (and Youngest?) Children: Conditional Cash TransfersAber, J.L. …
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The Dynamics of Life Stressors and Depressive Symptoms in Early Adolescence: A Test of Six Theoretical ModelsStructural equation modeling was used to compare 6 competing theoretically based psychosocial models of the longitudinal association between life stressors and depressive symptoms in a sample of early adolescents ( N = 907; 40% Hispanic, 32% Black, and …
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Finding the Impact in a Messy Intervention: Using an Integrated Design to Evaluate a Comprehensive Citywide Health InitiativeThis article uses the evaluation of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s (RWJF) Urban Health Initiative (UHI), a 10-year effort to improve health and safety outcomes in distressed cities, to demonstrate the strength of an evaluation design that integrates …
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Inconsistencies in Place Definition: How Different Operational Place Definitions Affect Estimates of Adolescent Smoking and Drinking RiskWe find that estimates of the prevalence of teenage smoking and drinking in “urban,” “suburban,” and “rural” areas vary with different definitions of these types of geographic units. Given the salience of youth risk behavior to the public debate, we urge …
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Health in Hong Kong: An International PerspectiveHong Kong stands out among wealthy megacities as having some of the best indicators of population health. Infant mortality is 3.0 per 1,000 births in Hong Kong compared to 6.2 in New York City and 4.0 in Paris, while life expectancy at birth is 78.0 years …
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Growing Older in Hong Kong, New York and LondonDeclining birth rates, increasing longevity and urbanization have created a new challenge for cities: how to respond to an ageing population. Although population ageing and urbanization are not new concerns for national governments around the world, the …
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Transportation to Clinic: Findings from a Pilot Clinic-Based Survey of Low-Income SuburbanitesHealth care policymakers have cited transportation barriers as key obstacles to providing health care to low-income suburbanites, particularly because suburbs have become home to a growing number of recent immigrants who are less likely to own cars than …
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How Residential Mobility and School Choice Challenge Assumptions of Neighborhood Place-Based InterventionsPurpose. Explore the importance of residential mobility and use of services outside neighborhoods when interventions targeting low-income families are planned and implemented. Design. Analysis of cross-sectional telephone household survey data on …
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Lifting Boats Not Closing Gaps: Child Health Outcomes in Distressed Cities 1992-2002Objectives. We compared cause-specific mortality and birth rates for children and youths aged younger than 18 years in 100 US cities from 1992 through 2002. Methods. We used 5 census indicators to categorize the 100 most populous US cities in 1990 as …
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Disaster in Context: The Effects of 9/11 on Youth Distant from the AttacksAlthough an increasing amount of community mental health research has investigated the deleterious effects of disasters and the targeting and efficacy of treatment in their aftermath, little research has sought to identify preexisting characteristics of …
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Understanding the Political Context of "New " Policy Issues: The Use of the Advocacy Coalition Framework in the Case of Expanded After-School ProgramsThis article uses the Advocacy Coalition Framework to identify the stakeholders and their coalitions in the arena of after-school policy, which drew much new attention beginning in the early 1990s in many American cities. Using evidence from case studies …
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Does the Racial Composition of the School Environment Influence Children's Body Mass Index?Purpose This study investigates the degree to which the racial composition of the school environment may influence the body mass index (BMI) of children aged 10 to 18 years. This research may be viewed as extending prior work that has found that the …
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Confrontation and loss of control: Masculinity and men’s fear in public spaceExisting research typically examines fear in publicspace from women's perspectives. To date, environment–behavior researchers have largely overlooked men'sfear in publicspace, and the role of masculinity in shaping men's perceptions of fear and safety. …
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Evaluation of the California Safe Routes to School legislation: Urban form changes and children’s active transportation to schoolBackground Walking or bicycling to school could contribute to children’s daily physical activity, but physical environment changes are often needed to improve the safety and convenience of walking and cycling routes. The California Safe Routes to School …
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California's Safe Routes to School program: Impacts on walking, bicycling, and pedestrian safety"This article evaluates California's pioneering Safe Routes to School (SR2S) program, which funds traffic improvement projects designed to improve safety for children's walking and bicycling to school and to increase the number of children who do …
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Being feared: masculinity and race in public spaceResearch on fear of crime typically examines the perceptions of those who fear, emphasizing women’s experiences of vulnerability in public space. In this paper, I invert this practice to examine instead men’s experiences of being feared in public spaces. …
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The relationship of neighborhood built environment features and walkingResearch on urban design and walking often emphasizes macro-scale features of the physical environment, such as block length and number of intersections, that can be measured remotely using GIS and or aerial photographs. In contrast, urban designers …
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Revising the Senior Walking Environmental Assessment ToolBACKGROUND: The Senior Walking Environmental Assessment Tool (SWEAT), an instrument for measuring built environmental features associated with physical activity of older adults, was revised to create an easier-to-use tool for use by practitioners and …
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Police and immigration enforcement: Impacts on Latino(a) residents’ perceptions of policePurpose – Recent years have witnessed a national policy shift towards involving state and local police in enforcing US federal immigration laws. Critics argue that involving local police in enforcing immigration law will decrease Latino(a) and immigrant …
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An Alternative Approach to Addressing Selection into and out of Social Settings: Neighborhood Change and African American Children’s Economic OutcomesSharkey, Patrick. …
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Temporary Integration, Resilient Inequality: Race and Neighborhood Change in the Transition to AdulthoodSharkey, Patrick. …