Infant Mortality Rates in Four Cities: London, Manhattan, Paris and Tokyo

A comparison of citywide infant mortality rates for Manhattan, Inner London, Paris, and Inner Tokyo during 1988–97 shows the Manhattan rate nearly always higher than those of the other cities. Differences in the neighborhood rate distributions of the four cities explain the citywide pattern. In contrast to the other cities, Manhattan has neighborhoods with rates substantially above its median neighborhood rate and these neighborhoods drag its citywide rate above those of the other cities.